Genetic, phenotypic and clinical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemias expressing myeloperoxidase mRNA detected by RT-PCR.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is found in the azurophilic granules of normal myelocytic cells. Cytochemical staining for MPO activity is used clinically to distinguish myeloid from acute lymphoid leukemias (ALL). However, using a highly sensitive RT-PCR technique, it is possible to detect MPO mRNA in otherwise clear ALL. The significance of this finding remains poorly understood. We have extended our observations to a series of 57 patients with the primary diagnosis of ALL (46 patients tested at diagnosis and 11 cases at relapse). We identified 25 cases (43.8%) of MPO mRNA(+)/enzyme(-) ALL (17 B cell and eight T cell lineage). Expression of myeloid antigens (CD13 or CD33) were detected in nine of them, and remarkably, 18 cases (72%) displayed CD34. Of these 25 MPO mRNA(+) leukemias, 10 (40%) are Bcr-Abl positive (with P210 fusion transcript in five patients while the five remaining cases carried P190 transcript). Moreover, 11 of 16 myeloid negative cases were also negative for any type of Bcr-Abl and MLL rearrangement, indicating that MPO mRNA positivity is not either invariably related to that chromosomal abnormality or necessarily associated with the presence of other myeloid differentiation features. Interestingly, six of these 11 cases are T-ALL, suggesting the presence of some overlapping phase for T and myeloid lineage commitment. Taken together, these findings could suggest a separate biological disease with immature origin and bipotential differentiation capability, which involves B and T-ALL subtypes and should lead to new investigations regarding their prognostic impact.

[Current status of perioperative preventive use of antibiotics in colorectal surgery]. / Der aktuelle Stand der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der kolorektalen Chirurgie.

The rate of postoperative wound infections following colorectal surgery can be considerably reduced by rational perioperative short-time antibiotic prophylaxis. The anaerobic and aerobic microflora of the colon as well as the half-life of the medicaments used have to be taken into due consideration for good choice of antibiotics. Persistent orthograde intestinal flushing, using physiological electrolyte solution without any addition of antibiotics, on the eve of surgery as well as perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis "en flash", using slow-drop intravenous infusion of 1 g Ornidazole and 2 g Mezlocilline along with introduction of anaesthesia, made for a good approach to reducing wound infections following colorectal surgery to two per cent. Twice as much antibiotics were administered for 24 to 28 hours in emergency cases in which preoperative intestinal flushing was not possible. This helped to reduce the rate of postoperative infections from 32 to six per cent.

Gastritis hemorrágica erosiva: opciones terapéuticas / Hemorrhagic erosive gastritis: therapeutic options

Se analizaron 68 casos de gastritis hemorrágica erosiva y su incidencia de acuerdo al sexo y edad, comprobando que sus factores etiológicos más frecuentes son el alcohol y el ácido acetilsalisílico. Se evaluaron los métodos de diagnóstico empleado, la radiología y la endoscopía, poniendo en evidencia el valor de precocidad dentro de las pirmeras 24 horas. Se analiza el tratamiento médico realizado en el 90% con buenos resultados. Se revisa el tratamiento quirúrgico instituído analizando su morbilidad y mortalidad, demonstrando los pobres resultados en la cirugía conservadora

Gastritis hemorrágica erosiva: opciones terapéuticas / Hemorrhagic erosive gastritis: therapeutic options

Se analizaron 68 casos de gastritis hemorrágica erosiva y su incidencia de acuerdo al sexo y edad, comprobando que sus factores etiológicos más frecuentes son el alcohol y el ácido acetilsalisílico. Se evaluaron los métodos de diagnóstico empleado, la radiología y la endoscopía, poniendo en evidencia el valor de precocidad dentro de las pirmeras 24 horas. Se analiza el tratamiento médico realizado en el 90% con buenos resultados. Se revisa el tratamiento quirúrgico instituído analizando su morbilidad y mortalidad, demonstrando los pobres resultados en la cirugía conservadora (AU)

[Hemorrhagic erosive gastritis. Therapeutic options]. / Gastritis hemorrágica erosiva. Opciones terapeuticas.

There were analyzed 68 cases of erosional hemorrhagic gastritis and there incidence on sex and age and it was proofed that the most frequent etiologic causes are alcohol and acetyl salicylic acid. The employed diagnostical methods were evaluated, as well as radiology and endoscopy, which have shown the value of there precocity within the first 24 hours. The medical treatment was analysed in 90% of the cases with good results. The applied surgical treatment was checked about its morbidness an mortality, thus demonstrating the poor results of conservative surgery.

Gastritis hemorrágica erosiva. Opciones terapeuticas. / [Hemorrhagic erosive gastritis. Therapeutic options]

There were analyzed 68 cases of erosional hemorrhagic gastritis and there incidence on sex and age and it was proofed that the most frequent etiologic causes are alcohol and acetyl salicylic acid. The employed diagnostical methods were evaluated, as well as radiology and endoscopy, which have shown the value of there precocity within the first 24 hours. The medical treatment was analysed in 90

of the cases with good results. The applied surgical treatment was checked about its morbidness an mortality, thus demonstrating the poor results of conservative surgery.